Conditionals(Konu Anlatımı)

Present Unreal Conditional


FORM
[If ... SIMPLE PAST ..., ... would + VERB ...]
or
[... would + VERB ... if ... SIMPLE PAST ...]


USE
The Present Unreal Conditional is used to talk about what you would do in imaginary situations in general.

EXAMPLES:

If I had a car, I would drive to work. But I don't have a car.

She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn't have much money.

I would read more if I didn't have a TV.

Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.

If they worked harder, they would earn more money.

What would you do if you won the lottery?
I would travel.

Where would you live if you moved to the U.S.?
I would live in Seattle.


EXCEPTION If I were ...
In the Present Unreal Conditional, the form "was" is not considered grammatically correct. In written English or in testing situations, you should always use "were." However, in everyday conversation, "was" is often used.

EXAMPLES:

If he were French, he would live in Paris.

If she were rich, she would buy a yacht.

I would play basketball if I were taller.

I would buy that computer if it were cheaper.

I would buy that computer if it was cheaper. NOT CORRECT (But often said in conversation.)


EXCEPTION Conditional with Modal Verbs
There are some special Conditional forms for modal verbs in English:

would + can = could
would + shall = should
would + may = might

The words "can," "shall" and "may" must be used in these special forms; they cannot be used with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I went to Egypt, I would can learn Arabic. NOT CORRECT
If I went to Egypt, I could learn Arabic. CORRECT

If she had time, she would may go to the party. NOT CORRECT
If she had time, she might go to the party. CORRECT



The words "could," should," "might" and "ought to" include conditional, so you cannot combine them with "would."

EXAMPLES:

If I had more time, I would could exercise after work. NOT CORRECT
If I had more time, I could exercise after work. CORRECT

If he invited you, you really would should go. NOT CORRECT
If he invited you, you really should go. CORRECT



******ANT : Only use "If"
Only the word "if" is used with the Present Unreal Conditional because you are discussing imaginary situations. "When" cannot be used.

EXAMPLES:

I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. NOT CORRECT
I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. CORRECT


Present Real Conditional

FORM
[If / When ... SIMPLE PRESENT..., ... SIMPLE PRESENT ...]
or
[... SIMPLE PRESENT ... if / when ... SIMPLE PRESENT...]


USE
The Present Real Conditional is used to talk about what you normally do in real-life situations.

EXAMPLES:

If I go to a friend's house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.

When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.

If the weather is nice, she walks to work.

Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.

I read if there is nothing on TV.

What do you do when it rains?
I stay at home.

Where do you stay if you go to Sydney?
I stay with my friends near the harbor.


******ANT : If / When
Both "if" and "when" are used in the Present Real Conditional. Using "if" suggests that something happens less frequently. Using "when" suggests that something happens regularly.


EXAMPLES:

When I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
(I regularly have days off from work.)

If I have a day off from work, I usually go to the beach.
(I rarely have days off from work.)


Zero Conditional: certainty

We use the so-called zero conditional when the result of the condition is always true, like a scientific fact.

Take some ice. Put it in a saucepan. Heat the saucepan. What happens? The ice melts (it becomes water). You would be surprised if it did not.

IF condition result
present simple present simple
If you heat ice it melts.

Notice that we are thinking about a result that is always true for this condition. The result of the condition is an absolute certainty. We are not thinking about the future or the past, or even the present. We are thinking about a simple fact. We use the present simple tense to talk about the condition. We also use the present simple tense to talk about the result. The ******ant thing about the zero conditional is that the condition always has the same result.


We can also use when instead of if, for example: When I get up late I miss my bus.


Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF condition result
present simple present simple
If I miss the 8 o'clock bus I am late for work.
If I am late for work my boss gets angry.
If people don't eat they get hungry.
If you heat ice does it melt?

result IF condition
present simple present simple
I am late for work if I miss the 8 o'clock bus.
My boss gets angry if I am late for work.
People get hungry if they don't eat.
Does ice melt if you heat it?

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Third Conditional: no possibility

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win. :-(

condition result
Past Perfect WOULD HAVE + Past Participle
If I had won the lottery I would have bought a car.

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use WOULD HAVE + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The ******ant thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.


Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.


Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF condition result
past perfect WOULD HAVE + past participle
If I had seen Mary I would have told her.
If Tara had been free yesterday/ I would have invited her.
If they had not passed their exam /their teacher would have been sad.
If it had rained yesterday /would you have stayed at home?
If it had rained yesterday /what would you have done?


result IF condition
WOULD HAVE + past participle past perfect
I would have told Mary if I had seen her.
I would have invited Tara if she had been free yesterday.
Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam.
Would you have stayed at home if it had rained yesterday?
What would you have done if it had rained yesterday?


Second Conditional: unreal possibility or dream

The second conditional is like the first conditional. We are still thinking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, you do not have a lottery ticket. Is it possible to win? No! No lottery ticket, no win! But maybe you will buy a lottery ticket in the future. So you can think about winning in the future, like a dream. It's not very real, but it's still possible.

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I won the lottery I would buy a car.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. We use the past simple tense to talk about the future condition. We use WOULD + base verb to talk about the future result. The ******ant thing about the second conditional is that there is an unreal possibility that the condition will happen.

Here are some more examples:

IF condition result
past simple WOULD + base verb
If I married Mary I would be happy.
If Ram became rich she would marry him.
If it snowed next July would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July what would you do?

result IF condition
WOULD + base verb past simple
I would be happy if I married Mary.
She would marry Ram if he became rich.
Would you be surprised if it snowed next July?
What would you do if it snowed next July?

Sometimes, we use should, could or might instead of would, for example: If I won a million dollars, I could stop working.


First Conditional: real possibility

We are talking about the future. We are thinking about a particular condition or situation in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. For example, it is morning. You are at home. You plan to play tennis this afternoon. But there are some clouds in the sky. Imagine that it rains. What will you do?

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If it rains I will stay at home.

Notice that we are thinking about a future condition. It is not raining yet. But the sky is cloudy and you think that it could rain. We use the present simple tense to talk about the possible future condition. We use WILL + base verb to talk about the possible future result. The ******ant thing about the first conditional is that there is a real possibility that the condition will happen. Here are some more examples (do you remember the two basic structures: [IF condition result] and [result IF condition]?):

IF condition result
present simple WILL + base verb
If I see Mary I will tell her.
If Tara is free tomorrow he will invite her.
If they do not pass their exam their teacher will be sad.
If it rains tomorrow w ill you stay at home?
If it rains tomorrow what will you do?

result IF condition
WILL + base verb present simple
I will tell Mary if I see her.
He will invite Tara if she is free tomorrow.
Their teacher will be sad if they do not pass their exam.
Will you stay at home if it rains tomorrow?
What will you do if it rains tomorrow?

Sometimes, we use shall, can, or may instead of will, for example: If you are good today, you can watch TV tonight.

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Match the parts of the sentence.(If Clause-1)


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1. If I get this new job,

a)
she won't be very happy.

b)
I'll buy you some champagne.

c)
we'll ask him what he thinks.

d)
they won't be very happy.


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2. If England win the World Cup,

a)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

b)
they won't be very happy.

c)
I'll be very surprised.

d)
I won't go either.


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3. If Tony Blair continues the way he has started,

a)
she won't be very happy.

b)
they won't be very happy.

c)
we'll ask him what he thinks.

d)
he'll be one of the best ever Prime Ministers.


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4. If the Euro does as well as expected,

a)
she won't be very happy.

b)
we'll make a lot of money.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
we'll ask him what he thinks.


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5. When our shareholders see how badly we have done,

a)
we'll ask him what he thinks.

b)
they won't be very happy.

c)
she won't be very happy.

d)
I won't go either.


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6. When the boss gets back from holiday,

a)
we'll ask him what he thinks.

b)
I won't go either.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
we'll make a lot of money.


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7. When the boss finds out about this,

a)
we'll make a lot of money.

b)
I won't go either.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
she won't be very happy.


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8. When I finish work tonight,

a)
I'll probably go and have a drink.

b)
I won't go either.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
we'll make a lot of money.


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9. If you are definitely not going to the seminar,

a)
I won't go either.

b)
I'll be very surprised.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
we'll make a lot of money.


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10. If you think it's not a problem,

a)
I'll buy you some champagne.

b)
I'll be very surprised.

c)
I'll take the rest of the week off.

d)
we'll make a lot of money.




Choose the correct verb form

Q1 - If I ...... you, I would tell him straightaway
were
am
Q2 - If you ...... yellow and blue, you get green
will mix
mix
Q3 - If I .........., I would never have done it
knew
had known
Q4 - Unless you ...... things easy, you'll get ill
take
don't take
Q5 - ........, I'd have come immediately
Were I to know
Had I known
Q6 - If I ...... you, I would never have done that
had been
were
Q7 - Provided you ........ there half an hour before it starts, you'll get straight in
will get
get
Q8 - Unless you ....... drinking, you'll have serious health problems
will stop
stop
Q9 - If you see him, ......... him to call me?
will you ask
would you have asked
Q10 - ........ her help, I'd have been in real trouble
But for
If only

Q11 - ........, what would you ask her?
Had you seen her
Were you to see her
Q12 - If I ........., I'd have done it myself
were there
had been there
Q13 - ........., you'll miss your flight
If you hurry
Unless you hurry
Q14 - ....... there, will you ask him to call me?
If he will be
Should he be
Q15 - Suppose there ......... a problem, what would you have been able to do?
had been
was
Q16 - If the weather holds, I ........ play golf this afternoon
will
would
Q17 - If I ........, I'll do it this evening
could
can
Q18 - Come on Friday if you .......
will be able to
can
Q19 - ........ you retire if you won the lottery?
Would
Will
Q20 - If she ..... there, will you give her a message for me?
is
will be

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Mixed Conditionals


Choose the correct answer.

Q1 - If you'd arrived on time, none of this would have happened
This sentence is about something that happened in the past
This sentence is about something that is very unlikely to happen
Q2 - If I were you, I'd get in touch with a solicitor
This is about something that is likely to happen in the near future
This is about something now
Q3 - If I won the lottery, I'd go on a cruise
This is about the present
This is about the future
Q4 - If you should see him, tell him I've got the video he was looking for
This is less likely to happen than if the speaker had said 'If you see him...'
This is as likely to happen as if the speaker had said 'If you see him...'
Q5 - If the weather stays good, I'll play a round of golf tomorrow
This is about something that is unlikely to happen
This is about something that has a good chance of happening
Q6 - If they win, they'll be top of the Premier Division
This could well happen
This is unlikely to happen
Q7 - But for Jane's help, I'd never have got it done on time
Jane helped the speaker
Jane didn't help the speaker
Q8 - It might not have been Sally
The speaker thinks that it probably was Sally
The speaker is fairly sure it wasn't Sally
Q9 - John, should you see her, could you ask Helen to give me a quick ring?
John is likely to see Helen
John might possibly see Helen
Q10 - If I told you what happened, would you keep it to yourself
The speaker is definitely going to tell the person what happened
The speaker might tell the person what happened



Conditional Sentences Type I
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

* If you (go) _____________ out with your friends tonight, I (watch)_________________ the football match on TV.
* I (earn) ____________________ a lot of money if I (get) _________________ that job.
* If she (hurry / not) ______________________, we (miss) _____________the bus.

Conditional Sentences Type II
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

* If he (try)__________________ harder, he (reach) ____________his goals.
*I (buy) ____________________these shoes if they (fit)_______________ .
* It (surprise / not) ______________ me if he (know / not) ______________the answer.

Conditional Sentences Type III
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

* If we (listen) _________________to the radio, we (hear) ___________the news.
* If you (switch) __________on the lights, you (fall / not) ____________over the chair.
* She (come) ______________ to our party if she (be / not) ____________on holiday.



The Third Conditional Exercise

Fill the gap using the verb in brackets. Think very care****y about the meaning of the phrase before deciding whether to use a negative or positive verb form.

1 I wouldn't be angry if you _____________________ my chocolate mousse. (to eat)

2 If he had known you were in hospital, he _____________________ you. (to visit)

3 We wouldn't have come by taxi if we _____________________ the right bus. (to find)

4 We would have visited the Prado gallery if we _____________________ time. (to have)

5 If you hadn't been asking me questions all the time, I ____________________ the film.(to enjoy)

6 If I _____________________ your number, I would have phoned.(to know)

7 If just one person had remembered my birthday, I _____________________ sad. (to be)

8 I would have understood the film if it _____________________ in German. (to be*)

9 They _____________________ to see you if they hadn't been away. (to come)

10 If she _____________________ on a double yellow line, she wouldn't have got a fine. (to park)

11 If I'd known you were coming, I _____________________ a cake. (to bake)

12 If she _____________________ the shed unlocked, they wouldn't have stolen her bike. (to leave)

13 If you had told me about the concert, I _____________________. (to go)

14 The storm _____________________ a lot of damage if it had come this way. (to do)

15 The holidays would have been great if the weather _____________________ better. (to be)

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First Conditional Exercise

Fill the gap using the verb in brackets.Three gaps need a NEGATIVE verb and watch out for the third person S!

1 If Clare ___________________ late again, the hockey trainer will be furious. (to arrive)

2 You'll be sorry if you ___________________ for your exams. (to revise)

3 We ___________________ if the weather's good. (to go)

4 They ___________________ you if you wear a wig and dark glasses. (to recognise)

5 If the bus ___________________ on time, I won't miss the football. (to be)

6 If you ___________________ your homework now, you'll be free all tomorrow. (to do)

7 We___________________ out if there's no food at home. (to eat)

8 You'll find life much easier if you ___________________ more often. (to smile)

9 If it's hot, we___________________ for a swim. (to go)

10 You'll do it better if you ___________________ more time over it. (to take)

11 If she ___________________ practising, she'll get better. (to keep)

12 Mum will be very sad if Jim ___________________ Mother's Day again. (to forget)

13 I___________________ so happy if I pass the exam. (to be)

14 You'll be really tired tomorrow if you ___________________ to bed soon. (to go)

15 The government ___________________ the next election if they continue to ignore public opinion. (to lose)

16 If Valencia FC win the Spanish football league, I___________________ my hair blue. (to dye)

17 If someone ___________________ you a bike, you can come with us. (to lend)


The Zero Conditional Exercise

1 Water boils if _______________________________________________ .

2 If you mix red and white _______________________________________ .

3 ___________________________________________ if you leave it in the sun.

4 If _______________________________________________ , take an aspirin.

5 If _______________________________________________ , it tastes sweet.

6 _______________________________________________ if you go near its food when it's eating.

7 If you pull a cat's tail, _____________________________________________ .

8 _______________________________________________ if you don't wear a seat belt.

9 You can end up brain damaged if____________________________________ .

10 If you press this switch, _________________________________________ .

11 If _______________________________________________ , her folks get very angry.

12 Farmers get very angry if _________________________________________ .

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